沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物物候对长期气温变化的响应     

赵艳芬  师玮  潘伯荣  尹林克  刘瑞霞 《中国沙漠》2014,34(3):732-739

由新疆维吾尔自治区气象信息中心提供的1977—2006年吐鲁番气象资料统计得知:近29年气候有变暖趋势,线性变暖速率为每10年0.72℃,29年来吐鲁番地区年平均气温共上升2.06℃。结合吐鲁番沙漠植物园沙拐枣属植物的物候观测积累资料,分析了4个组的芽膨胀、开始展叶、同化枝开始变色、同化枝初落的时间变化趋势及其与温度变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)1977年以来,沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物刺果组(Sect.Medusa Sosk.et Alexandr)物候期最晚;同化枝开始变色为泡果组(Sect.Calliphysa(Fisch.et Mey.)Borszcz)晚于翅果组;其他3种物候期中,泡果组物候期最早,基翅组(Sect.Calligonum)和翅果组(Sect.Pterococcus(Pall.)Borszcz)均居中。4个组的芽膨胀和开始展叶时间大部分呈提前趋势,同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间呈推后趋势。(2)4个组的芽膨胀与年平均气温、春季气温呈显著负相关(p0.05)。年平均气温每升高1℃,泡果组、刺果组、基翅组、翅果组的芽膨胀时间分别提前4.5d、4.3d、4.1d、8.3d;同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间变化不明显。芽膨胀对温度变化的响应程度显著大于同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落。  相似文献   

山东省县域经济时空分异演化特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王慧  孙晋芳  余静 《地域研究与开发》2014,(5)

借助GeoDA软件,运用标准差、加权变异系数、库兹涅茨比率和空间自相关等分析方法,以山东省105个县域为研究单元,从时空双重维度着手,对山东省1995—2012年县域经济差异的时间演变趋势和空间格局分异特征进行定量分析。结果发现:时间序列上山东县域经济绝对差异显著扩大,相对差异缓慢上升,极化现象显著;从空间格局来看,山东县域经济存在明显的空间自相关性,总体呈现"大异质,小均质"的空间经济格局,东部县域发达而西部县域相对落后,县域间经济发展的空间依赖性呈现出由增强到减弱的趋势,县域经济发展遵循"积累循环"法则,空间自相关集聚模式具有较高的稳定性。  相似文献   

盐胁迫对红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)种子吸胀过程中生理特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高茜  李毅  苏世平  Анатолий Васильевич Жигунов  单立山  种培芳 《中国沙漠》2014,34(1):83-87

以0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%的NaCl和CaCl2溶液处理红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)种子,探讨了两种盐胁迫对种子吸胀过程中生理特性的影响及对种子的伤害程度。结果表明:红砂种子发芽率随两种盐胁迫的加剧极显著下降。种子丙二醛(MDA)含量在NaCl溶液胁迫后先下降后上升,在盐溶液浓度为1.0%时达到最小值,在2.5%处达到最大值;经不同浓度的CaCl2溶液胁迫后,MDA含量呈上升趋势,且均高于对照,最大值出现在3.0%处;种子内可溶性糖含量随NaCl和CaCl2溶液浓度的增大先下降后上升,分别在盐溶液浓度为1.0%和2.0%时达到最小值;种子过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化较小;过氧化物酶(POD)活性随两种盐浓度的增加显著降低;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性随两种盐溶液浓度的增加先下降再上升又下降,但总体低于对照。经综合分析得出,CaCl2对红砂种子的伤害程度大于NaCl。  相似文献   

世界石油探明储量分布特征与空间格局演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨宇  刘毅  金凤君 《世界地理研究》2014,(1):19-28

石油探明储量是一个动态变化的过程,文章对1980年以来不同区域尺度,包括全球、各大区以及国家层面的石油探明储量变化、分布特征等进行分析,得出结论:(1)世界石油探明储量自1980年以来大致经历了4个阶段,呈现明显的阶梯状增长的态势,基本每十年出现一次储量跃升,并保持一段时间的平稳。储采比一直稳定在40年以上,呈现缓慢上升的趋势。(2)大区尺度的石油探明储量分布不均衡,且探明储量的变化趋势不同。中东一直是石油探明储量最大的地区,其次为中南美洲地区。中东、北美占世界比重先升后降。非洲和中南美洲稳步提升,亚太地区持续下滑。(3)国家层面的石油探明储量呈现明显的集中分布。储量前4的国家占世界储量的53.75%,储量超过10亿吨的国家在很大程度上主导着世界石油开发的基本格局。从各国演变来看,世界石油储量呈现出多极化的趋势,从中东、北美向中亚、俄罗斯和中南美洲等转移。  相似文献   

1990年以来中国小麦农业气象灾害时空变化特征(英文)     

张朝  王品  陈一  张帅  陶福禄  刘晓菲 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(3):387-396

Agro-meteorological disasters(AMD) have become more frequent with climate warming. In this study, the temporal and spatial changes in the occurrence frequency of major meteorological disasters on wheat production were firstly explored by analyzing the observed records at national agro-meteorological stations(AMS) of China from 1991 to 2009. Furthermore, impact of climate change on AMD was discussed by comparing the warmer decade(2000–2009) with another decade(1991–2000). It was found that drought was the most frequent disaster during the last two decades, with a highest proportion of 79%. And the frequency of AMD increased significantly with climate change. Specifically, the main disasters occurred more frequently in the reproductive period than in the vegetative period. Besides, the spatial changes in the AMD frequency were characterized by region-specific. For example, the wheat cultivation areas located on the Loess Plateau and the middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River suffered mainly from drought. All these results were strongly linked to climate change in China. Therefore, sound adaptation options should be taken based on the latest changes of AMD under global warming to reduce agricultural damages.  相似文献   

南半球环状模与南极冰芯中气候信息关联研究综述     

史贵涛  孙波  曾刚  李院生  马红梅  安春雷  姜苏 《极地研究》2014,26(3):352-361

冰芯作为气候环境信息的良好载体,在研究过去大气环流异常中具有其他气候代用指标难以比拟的优势。本文重点综述了南极冰芯气候记录与南半球环状模(SAM-Southern Annular Mode)的关联特征:SAM与冰芯记录为同期变化,冰芯中NO-3、海盐组分(以Na+为代表)和水同位素比值δ18O同SAM指数具有较好的关联性;冰芯中SO2-4和MSA同SAM存在一定的关联,但相关性不显著;西南极冰芯记录的积累率同SAM具有较强的关联。需要说明的是,冰芯中各参数与SAM的相关性存在较大的空间差异。  相似文献   

Multidimensional-unified topological relations computation: a hierarchical geometric algebra-based approach     

Linwang Yuan  Zhaoyuan Yu  Wen Luo  Lin Yi  Guonian Lü 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(12):2435-2455

This article presents a geometric algebra-based model for topological relation computation. This computational model is composed of three major components: the Grassmann structure preserving hierarchical multivector-tree representation (MVTree), multidimensional unified operators for intersection relation computation, and the judgement rules for assembling the intersections into topological relations. With this model, the intersection relations between the different dimensional objects (nodes at different levels) are computed using the Tree Meet operator. The meet operation between two arbitrary objects is accomplished by transforming the computation into the meet product between each pair of MVTree nodes, which produces a series of intersection relations in the form of MVTree. This intersection tree is then processed through a set of judgement rules to determine the topological relations between two objects in the hierarchy. Case studies of topological relations between two triangles in 3D space are employed to illustrate the model. The results show that with the new model, the topological relations can be computed in a simple way without referring to dimension. This dimensionless way of computing topological relations from geographic data is significant given the increased dimensionality of geographic information in the digital era.  相似文献   

Geospatial spreadsheets with microscale air quality visualization and synchronization for supporting multiple-scenario visual collaboration     

Seung Man An  Ho-Young Lee  Byungsoo Kim  Chae-Yeon Yi  Jeong-Hee Eum 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(12):2511-2532

A major obstacle of the interdisciplinary communications for decision-making is that each participant prefers the solution from their own area because current collaboration systems cannot effectively mediate among many alternatives. If a visual collaboration system could display multiple alternatives in a single visual presentation, users would be able to compare alternatives with only a few variables, where all other parameters are fixed, at least from a visual perspective. In this study, we developed a visualization tool to support a microscale air quality (MSAQ) management group, the members of which often need to compare the effects of many alternative control methods. The main achievements of this study are: (1) three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the MSAQ using a 3D city model and (2) development of a geospatial spreadsheet (GS) to facilitate visual comparisons, thereby improving decision-making by making it easy to compare differences based on realistic visual display items. A questionnaire-based survey showed that use of the GS could generate a shared perspective and provide a spatiotemporal context for the participants, thereby making it easy to compare, mediate and reach decisions when confronted with many alternatives.  相似文献   

Surpac软件在某钼矿储量估算中的应用     

孙映祥 《西部资源》2014,(4):151-155

三维矿床模型及可视化研究是我国"数字化矿山"进程中的热点,本文应用数字化矿山软件Surpac,针对某钼矿66个钻孔数据进行三维矿床模型的构建,最终在三维可视化模型的基础上进行了钼矿资源储量估算。与传统计算方法对比结果表明,Surpac软件三维模型所计算的结果准确可靠,且该模型可依据品位的变化进行矿体的动态圈定。  相似文献   

State of the art and practice of pavement anti-icing and de-icing techniques     

WenBing Yu  Xin Yi  Ming Guo  Lin Chen 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(1):0014-0021

Pavement snow and icing are worldwide problems, but effective countermeasures are just beginning to be developed in China. The two most common snow and ice removal methods are mechanical clearance and chemical melting, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed here, including environmental and structural damage caused by corrosive snow melting agents. New developments in chemical melting agents and mechanical equipment are discussed, and an overview of alternative thermal melting systems is presented, including the use of geothermy and non-geothermal heating systems utilizing solar energy, electricity, conductive pavement materials, and infrared/microwave applications. Strategic recommendations are made for continued enhancement of public safety in snow and ice conditions.  相似文献